Great Friday (Arubtho Rabtho Dazqeephutho)

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Events of Great Friday in chronological order; Verdict of Pontius Pilate to crucify Jesus; Fulfillment of prophesy; Promise to the thief; Meaning of crucifixion, death and burial of Jesus; Jesus tasting death as God and human; Christological understanding of the death of Jesus Christ; Significance of grief and hope; Deeper understanding through Scripture, Icons, and Liturgical prayers/hymns of the importance of the Feast

Teacher Training and Resources

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Reference Materials

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Articles

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Videos

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Podcasts

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Scripture

In order to help our children grow in the Orthodox Faith in North America, a decision was made to standardize all materials to the Orthodox Study Bible (DSWA Kalpana DSWA/C/016/2010, October 28, 2010). Please continue to pray and support the development of a fully approved translation based on the Peshitta, and our textbooks will educate on the various translations and historic development of Scripture.

  • [Isaiah 52:13-53:12]

    Behold, My Servant shall have wisdom, and He shall be exalted and glorified exceedingly. Just as many shall be astonished at You, so Your form and glory shall be dishonored by men. 15Thus many nations shall marvel at Him, and kings shall shut their mouth, because they to whom no report was brought concerning Him shall see; and they who did not hear shall understand. O Lord, who has believed our report, and to whom was the arm of the Lord revealed? We proclaimed His presence as a Child, as a Root in a thirsty land. He had no form or glory, and we saw Him; and He had no form or beauty. But in comparison to all men, His form was lacking in honor. He was a man in suffering and knew how to bear sickness. His face was turned away, and He was dishonored and not esteemed. He bears our sins and suffers for us, yet we considered Him to be in pain, suffering, and ill-treatment. But He was wounded because of our lawlessness, and became sick because of our sins. The chastisement of our peace was upon Him, and by His bruise we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray. Man has gone astray in his way, and the Lord delivered Him over for our sins. Although He was ill-treated, He opened not His mouth. He was led as a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb is silent before his shearers, so He opens not His mouth. In His humiliation His judgment was taken away, and who will declare His generation? For His life is taken from the earth, and because of the lawlessness of My people He was led to death. I will appoint evil men for His burial and rich men for His death, because He committed no lawlessness, nor was deceit found in His mouth. The Lord wishes to cleanse Him of His wound, and if You give an offering for sin, Your soul shall see a long-lived seed. The Lord wishes to take away the pain of His soul, to show Him light, to form Him with understanding, and to pronounce righteous the Righteous One who serves many well; and He shall bear their sins. Therefore He shall inherit many, and will divide the spoil with the strong, because His soul was delivered over to death. He was considered among the lawless, and He bore the sins of many, and was delivered over because of their sins.

Liturgical Resources

The Ministry of Liturgical Resource Development (LRD) was created in July of 2015 (DSWA Kalpana DSWA/C/10/2015, July 24,2015) to promote the translation, versification, and publication of vital English liturgical resources. Today most of our Sacramental offices are available and the "Service Book of the Holy Qurbono" and "Shehimo: Book of Common Prayer" are available in print. Wherever possible references will be made using LRD resources given the easy access to these materials to the faithful in North America.

Full Liturgical Service

Holy Qurbono

  • Priest Prayer from Bar Salibi during Fraction (LRD Qurbana Book, pg. 196)
"Truly did the Word of God suffer in the flesh, and was sacrificed and broken on the Cross. His soul separated from His body, while His divinity never separated neither from His soul nor His body."

Other Hymns

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Other Prayers

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Promion and Sedro

  • Evening Prayer - Promion
The One who receives sacrifices and the Lord of the high priests, who was pleased to become the sacrifice and the priest, and the One who perfects the types and seals the mysteries, in this evening fulfilled the writing (surtho) of Moses and offered Himself to His Father as an acceptable offering. The inscrutable wonder divided with His hands —while He is alive - and mixed His blood for the apostles."
  • Evening Prayer - Sedro
Christ our God, the Great Sun of justice and the True and Eternal Light from the Father, who illuminates every man who comes to this world, who fills everything with the light of His divine knowledge, who in the end of age (lit: evening of the age) came down in the flesh, in order to illuminate the creation darkened by error. In this evening of the Law - in the evening of the Passover - You have fulfilled all those things of the Law in Your person. You did manifest the light of 'the Gospel of Light'. The icon and image, represented figuratively with the evening of Moses in Egypt, were given correct interpretation in Your evening full of light. For in this evening, You who are the Passover, who makes all to rejoice with the delightful splendor of Your Divinity, did eat with earnest desire the Passover of the Law with Your disciple. In this evening, You perfected the Lamb of the mysteries - You who are the lamb of God who takes away the sin of the entire world, ate this with bitterness, with Your companions, and approached the bitter cup of death. In this evening which is the boundary of both the testaments, the Old was brought to pass and the New was begun. In this evening, You had shown the excellent way of exaltation by great humility, washing the feet of your holy disciples with love, and wiping them with the towel girded around Your waist, with love for humanity. You have handed over to them this beautiful example, and taught them with the gentle graciousness.
In this evening, with Your holy hands You divided Your life-giving body and gave Your companions to eat, and You mixed Your lordly (moronoyo) blood and gave them to drink and in it the New Covenant was confirmed for You bride, the Holy Church. In this evening, with the bread which was dipped, the deceit of Judas was made public and his impudence was revealed to the innocent disciples. In this evening, You saved the dumb animals from the knife of the sacrifices, and removed (it) by Your own Living Sacrifice. In this evening You put the shadows and figures to silence, and clearly revealed and placed (them) before us. In this evening, Levi abandoned his ministry and Aaron took leave from his peace-offerings. In this evening, the priesthood was handed over to the noble company of Simon, and they began to take charge over the divine treasury and to divide Your living body among the peoples of the earth and to give to drink Your pure blood to families and races. Behold today,in this evening, it has been given in all borders and regions for the forgiveness of debts and sins, according to the Lord’s commandment.
Therefore, we beseech You, Christ our Lord, in this evening full of wonder in which the figurative law was brought to an end, and was removed to have place for the spread of the New and the Holy Gospel of Truth, hold us worthy to participate in the awesome divine table with purity and holiness, having been delivered from bitterness and anger and jealousy, and our thoughts being cleared from tumults of malice and deceit of (Judas) Iscariot, and our conscience cleansed by the purifying washing of the admirable repentance of the debts and sins, and our souls being divinely bound by mutual affection and love, and our minds being illuminated by the splendor and rays of Your Divine teaching. May Your life-giving mysteries be not for our condemnation, but for the remission of the debts, pardon of sins, and the cleansing of (our) souls and bodies from every filthy and shameful thing and from every defect, defilement as well as for the elevation of minds towards sublime wisdom, and their (* bodies and souls) enlightenment by the divine rays and splendor. May we become constant dwellers in You and You in us. May we completely become perfect people of Your Unique Father, and we will offer up glory and praise to You and to Your Holy Father and to Your Life-giving Spirit.
  • Sutoro - Promion
The Judge of judges was judged, and by His silence, He justified our guilt. The Savior gave His body for blows and His cheeks for slaps and repaid our debts with stripes, and caused suffering to our sufferings by His passion, and bore our curse by His crown, and banished our killing by His slaughter, and killed our death by His death. To Him befits glory and praise ..
  • Sutoro - Sedro
Glory to You, God the Word, the Only Begotten from the Father, who by Your own good will, and by the operation of Your Holy Spirit — who is consubstantial to You - united with flesh consubstantial (bar kyono) to us, in an indivisible union. You became like us in everything, except sin, and divinely and humanly dealt with us. By sufferings and death and the completion of the entire redeeming economy, You did completely repay the debts of our human race, and did show us the entrance to the new life, by abolishing death, Satan and sin. By act, truly You came for redeeming passion, in order to write down newly the Covenant for us by Your blood. For our salvation, You endured humiliation, passion, insult, shame and mocking from the cruelty of the Jews, the enemies of truth and the associates (baithoye) of the adversary. Because of Your abundant mercies, and rich compassion for the guilty Adam, today You came down to suffer voluntarily, in order to liberate him from the punishment for the transgression of the Law. You had announced beforehand and fulfilled in Your person the exact image full of salvation= which was formerly represented by Your servant Moses in Egypt. In the evening of Your salvation, You had fulfilled it before the apostolic band in that Upper-room full of signs and life-giving mysterjes (roze) of Your Holy Church. You had concluded the Old in the Lamb, and begun the New in the bread. You had given us Your body and blood in that Thursday of the Mysteries and have become for us food and drink (lit: eatable and drinkable) for remission of debts. You had inclined Your head for the kiss of deceit, and You were captured by the accursed Jewish people. By Your voluntary humility, You came for the humiliation of the Cross, and entered the tribunal of the sixth day, in order to delivery us from the hard punishment and judgement upon us. You were struck on Your cheek by the insolent servant in order to liberate us from the servitude of sin. You were judged like an offender and You justified our race which was guilty. You were (ordered to be) scourged with thongs by the Judge Pilate and You paid our debt of the head of our family, who was guilty. By the spittle which You had received on Your face for the impure people on this Friday, You removed from us the great shame that was ruling over us due to the transgression of the commandment. You had put on the scarlet robe, with humiliation and mocking of the Jews in order to clothe us with the Holy Spirit, from whom we were stripped off in the woods by the jealousy of the serpent. By the thorn of Your crown, You did up rooted sin that had sown death in our members. By the cane of mockery that the priests of the people gave You to hold, You had writen our names in Your Book of Life. You were suspended naked on the top of the wood and by the stripping of Your body (lit: flesh) You had exposed and put him to shame, the head of the evil and the father of falsehood, who was watching over air, and covered the nakedness of Adam. Instead of the hand which plucked the fruit and brought death into the world and made it ruler over all races, You gave Your holy hands for the nails and Your innocent feet for the iron fetters- You drank vinegar and tasted gall, instead of the food from that deadly tree. You were counted with wicked and humiliated among the thieves in order to remove the humiliation of Adam. You had perfected and completed in Your person all that were represented and indicated beforehand by the prophets of Your Father. You said: ‘Behold, every thing has been fulfilled’ and inclined Your head and handed over Your spirit.
We beseech You, O Lord, Lover of man, who have accomplished all this dispensation with love for humanity, for our salvation. Remembering Your abasement beyond words, and Your voluntary and innocent sufferings, renew Your abundant mercies for us on this sorrowful day of Your redemptive passion. By Your victorious cross, here and there and every where, protect Your Holy , Catholic and Apostolic Church, which worships Your sufferings with innocent faith and confesses Your human actions, and acknowledges You as the True God over all. We supplicate You with this fragrant incense which is offered by us — the wretched and feeble — at this moment in which we celebrate the memory of Your sufferings, with which our iniquities have been blotted out, grant us remission of debts and forgiveness of sins — with which we were defiled voluntarily or involuntarily, knowingly or unknowingly. Keep us before You with innocent and pure life all the days of our life until the end of the world, and we also, may we entrust our souls into the hands of Your Holy Father with confidence. May we offer glory and praise to You and to Your Father and to Your Holy Spirit in that day of Your glorious second coming with the great and the redeeming sign of Your life-giving Cross.
  • Lilyo First Quamo - Sedro
Glory to You and praise to you, O Lord of the heaven and the earth, God and Savior of our souls, the helper of our weakness and the caretaker of our poverty, Jesus Christ, on account of the fall of our feebleness by the transgression of the commandment, You came (down) for voluntary abasement, and human sufferings, in order to set us free from abominable and unlawful acts. You came for death on the cross and showed great obedience, and mournfully endured fear, grief, and sorrow. You had earnestly offered prayer and supplication before Your Father with groaning. You supplicated Him, if possible, the cup of bitter death be removed from You; if not possible, You consented that let His will be done. You made known that truly and voluntarily You suffered in the body and it was not by fantasy or illusion, and received comforting from the angels. You had taught us not to slumber in temptations that come upon us, but to seek refuge and help with intense prayers from the broken heart, not to dare to face death with pride, but to approach the fight with humility, and to be strengthened by the heavenly hosts, who are always sent by You for our help. May we live for you our entire way of life on earth according to the will of the heavenly Father, for You have died for us, and not for You. By exhorting the apostles to be watchful, You have taught us prayer. You who are not in need of prayer, had prayed for us,and not for You. Neither You have committed sin nor deceit is found in Your mouth. But You are eternally the One who receives prayers with Your Father. You did pray that our prayers shall be received and You did kneel down in order to raise us from the fall of sin and the worship of the idols. O Holy One, You did fear, while the fire above is afraid of You. You have gained courage for us, and You became wearied, in order to set us free from the terrible grief. You became sad You made our sadness a joy. You have sweated clots of blood to wipe out the sweat of Adam.
By all these things that You have endured voluntarily, You made the authorities of this world, the hosts of the enemy, amazed. They did not understand you. By Your fear and Your flight from death, wisely You deceived the prince of error, the rebellious, cruel, and the most cunning among all animals, for he had deceived the simple minded Adam, the head of our creation, with the hope in eternal life. that which was written in the prophecy was fulfilled: 'he was struck wit the blow which he had struck, and the killing (with) which he had killed, he was killed'. For you had caught the dragon in Your snare. you had broken his teeth in his mouht and You have uprooted the canine teeth of the powerful lion, like flowing water (sic). You made the deaf, contemptible and abominable (beast) - who shut his ears not to hear the voice of the charmer and magician, and destroyed his numerous canine teeth in various shapes, and shot the arrows of Your incarnation until he perished. Like wax, he melted down before the fire of Your divinity and was burned up. The wrath troubled the wicked and he gnashed his teeth and disappeared. His desire perished in his wickedness. Then the righteous saw his reward and said: Ha, ha, our eye has seen it. There is God to judge them on earth, for You have judged him according to the justice worthy of him. You took vengeance upon him for Adam. He has fallen in the pit which he dug up and made, and he was caught up in trench which he prepared. His wickedness came back completely upon his head and his iniquity descended fully upon the crown of his head. In Your death, he experienced a sorrow that does not find consolation. Through him, the entire Sheol became embittered at Your entry.
O Lord, we are Your servants, weak and sinful, who has been set free from his heavy yoke, beseech You with this fragrant incense, rescue and redeem us always from all perversities, and delivery us every time from all severe temptations that are beyond our strength. Encourage us always, for the prayers pleasing to Your divinity, and support us with Your help. May the powerful protection of Your angels encircle us. Prepare us to keep Your commandments and to do Your will, and of Your Father, and of Your Holy Spirit."
  • Lilyo Second Quamo - Sedro
Christ our God is Son and Lord and is consubstantial to His Father. He was and is from the Father, who when consented to send Him to the world, in order to repay the old debt of the great bond. He was convoked and came to the tribunal because of the death sentence which was decreed against us. He was led and entered to be imprisoned. He was beaten and He stood for being questioned. He was silent and accepted the old guilt. He lifted up His face to the height of humility and received spittle and made His back ready for whip and gave His cheeks for blows. He gave His body for wounds and was insulted with garments of mocking. He was struck on His head with a rod of shame. He carried His cross on His shoulder like a guilty man. He was counted with the wicked as an evil doer. His hands and feet were nailed on the cross. He is naked and crowned with thorns. He has been led and endured sufferings. He is thirsty for water, and vinegar and gall were given to Him. He cries with sorrow and and His groaning is not heard from the cross. With all these, the upright (receive) his helps. The family of Pilate bears witness to His truth. In three languages, He was interpreted as king. The judges cry out that He is the Lord of the creation, The earth quakes; the universe trembles and the rocks break out; the tombs are opened; the dead rise; Sheol is destroyed; the Sun veils its light; the veil (of the sanctuary) is torn at the shaking; the elements (of the earth) are terrified and shiver with fear, that they will be separated from one another. The ramparts of perdition tremble. Commotion of the living is heard in the land of the dead. The death is being trampled in its threshold by the multitude, that hastens to go out. The earth trembles with fear that it will be dissolved at the sight of its Lord on the Cross. Terrible events take place. Amazing powers are manifested. The earth and the heaven are troubled and seek place to flee. All kinds of wonders are seen in the creation, announcing that the one who is crucified is the Lord of the angels. All (these) sufferings are powers are of the one qnuma of the Only Begotten Son. Behold his Gospel is brought to everywhere. Behold His teaching has been sown in every quarter. All people and all races are caught by His net. All powers run towards His door, and all ranks worship before His door step. Every mouth eats His body, and every tongue tastes His blood. Every sound sings his glory, from every quarter they come for His worship. Every tongue confesses that Jesus is Lord. We glorify and worship Him and His Father and His Holy Spirit.
  • Lilyo Third Quamo - Sedro
O hidden and ineffable being, who was born from the hidden bosom of His Father beyond time and without the flow of desire, because of our fall, put on body and became one nature (had kyono) from divinity and humanity that cannot be tempted by evil, and determined to regain us and endured all human things by royal freedom, and not by compulsion, You have performed all that were inscribed by the Spirit- who is consubstantial to You, and observed the Mosaic Passover and showed us the new mystery and began the new (mystery) by the breaking of Your precious body and the shedding of Your life-giving blood. Then without fear, You have prepared for You the way of passion, and like a lamb, You approached the sacrifice. Without bringing forth the fervour of Your divinity, You remained silent like an ewe before a shearer. Oh! The Lord suffers indignities! Oh! The King is buffeted with whip! Oh! The One who upholds the world is being judged like a guilty One! The earthly one threatens and the Son of God suffers in the flesh! Judah betrays and Jesus suffers. Satan boasts saying that the Saviour of all will be killed now and he who has conquered Adam will not be defeated. Behold the renewal of the salvation is perfectly accomplished by the suffering the Almighty. Behold the present sadness invites joy and pain. With great love John enters the courtyard and with Jesus and (stands) terrified. Simon renounces, Thomas flees; John is not there, Judah becomes a stranger; Hanna's people prepare the cross. The serpent is utterly crushed. Vinegar is being mixed, the crown is being plaited; the sword is being sharpened; nails are being prepared. Behold, how much the Saviour is humbled for a while and we become victorious. Now Jerusalem, the haughty daughter, will sit in mourning and her companion Sheol will perish. Now those who have been subjected to You are being saved. Behold the new Church that You have redeemed with Your blood, honours You, and she moistens Your wounds with her tears. She entreats You to protect her and her children from all the snares of the adversary and the destructive deceits of men and the wrath of the rebellious and the disobedient. Confirm her that by the firm unity of love she may be bound with You. Rescue her from every harm. May she and her children be protected under Your wings, so that she might praise, worship and glorify You who did suffer for her and saved her, and our Father, the Begetter who reconciled with her through You, and to Your Holy Spirit who enriches her with His gifts, without measure.

Quotes

Patristic Quotes

  • [St Cyril of Jerusalem] "Let us not then be ashamed to confess the Crucified. Be the Cross our seal made with boldness by our fingers on our brow, and on everything; over the bread we eat, and the cups we drink; in our comings in, and goings out; before our sleep, when we lie down and when we rise up; when we are in the way, and when we are still."
  • [St. Severus of Antioch] "By Your life-giving cross, O Christ, the death of the riches of wisdom and power can be seen. For when You Who are the power of God were nailed upon it, upon the wood of infirmity that is, the cross, You changed it into a wood of power, such as befits God."

Other Quotes

  • [Bishop Kallistos Ware] "And I would say to you, “The love of God is so great that Christ died for us on the cross. But love is stronger than death, and so the death of Jesus was followed by his resurrection. I am a Christian because I believe in the great love of God that led him to become incarnate, to die, and to rise again.”

Lives of the Saints

Syriac and Greek Words

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Icons

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