Great Friday (Arubtho Rabtho Dazqeephutho)

Events of Great Friday in chronological order; Verdict of Pontius Pilate to crucify Jesus; Fulfillment of prophesy; Promise to the thief; Meaning of crucifixion, death and burial of Jesus; Jesus tasting death as God and human; Christological understanding of the death of Jesus Christ; Significance of grief and hope; Deeper understanding through Scripture, Icons, and Liturgical prayers/hymns of the importance of the Feast

Teacher Training and Resources

• TTC stuff

Reference Materials

A reference is a referral to another's text or information and can refer to written sources (books, reports, articles), videos, Internet sites, images, etc. It can also refer to personal communication in the form of letters, e-mails or interviews. A reference is synonymous with a literary citation or citing a source.

The following materials are offered as sources for information and ideas but please remember to properly give credit if material is used in your writing! If you forget to use references, or your references are incomplete, your work can seem like an empty postulation or create suspicions of plagiarism.

Articles

1. Articles

Videos

1. Videos

Podcasts

1. Podcasts

Scripture

In order to help our children grow in the Orthodox Faith in North America, a decision was made to standardize all materials to the Orthodox Study Bible (DSWA Kalpana DSWA/C/016/2010, October 28, 2010). Please continue to pray and support the development of a fully approved translation based on the Peshitta, and our textbooks will educate on the various translations and historic development of Scripture.

• [Isaiah 52:13-53:12]

  Behold, My Servant shall have wisdom, and He shall be exalted and glorified exceedingly. Just as many shall be astonished at You, so Your form and glory shall be dishonored by men. 15Thus many nations shall marvel at Him, and kings shall shut their mouth, because they to whom no report was brought concerning Him shall see; and they who did not hear shall understand. O Lord, who has believed our report, and to whom was the arm of the Lord revealed? We proclaimed His presence as a Child, as a Root in a thirsty land. He had no form or glory, and we saw Him; and He had no form or beauty. But in comparison to all men, His form was lacking in honor. He was a man in suffering and knew how to bear sickness. His face was turned away, and He was dishonored and not esteemed. He bears our sins and suffers for us, yet we considered Him to be in pain, suffering, and ill-treatment. But He was wounded because of our lawlessness, and became sick because of our sins. The chastisement of our peace was upon Him, and by His bruise we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray. Man has gone astray in his way, and the Lord delivered Him over for our sins. Although He was ill-treated, He opened not His mouth. He was led as a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb is silent before his shearers, so He opens not His mouth. In His humiliation His judgment was taken away, and who will declare His generation? For His life is taken from the earth, and because of the lawlessness of My people He was led to death. I will appoint evil men for His burial and rich men for His death, because He committed no lawlessness, nor was deceit found in His mouth. The Lord wishes to cleanse Him of His wound, and if You give an offering for sin, Your soul shall see a long-lived seed. The Lord wishes to take away the pain of His soul, to show Him light, to form Him with understanding, and to pronounce righteous the Righteous One who serves many well; and He shall bear their sins. Therefore He shall inherit many, and will divide the spoil with the strong, because His soul was delivered over to death. He was considered among the lawless, and He bore the sins of many, and was delivered over because of their sins.

Liturgical Resources

The Ministry of Liturgical Resource Development (LRD) was created in July of 2015 (DSWA Kalpana DSWA/C/10/2015, July 24,2015) to promote the translation, versification, and publication of vital English liturgical resources. Today most of our Sacramental offices are available and the "Service Book of the Holy Qurbono" and "Shehimo: Book of Common Prayer" are available in print. Wherever possible references will be made using LRD resources given the easy access to these materials to the faithful in North America.

Full Liturgical Service

Holy Qurbono

• Priest Prayer from Bar Salibi during Fraction (LRD Qurbana Book, pg. 196)

"Truly did the Word of God suffer in the flesh, and was sacrificed and broken on the Cross. His soul separated from His body, while His divinity never separated neither from His soul nor His body."

Other Hymns

• Other Hymns

Text

Other Prayers

• Other Prayers

Text

Promion and Sedro

• Evening Prayer - Promion

The One who receives sacrifices and the Lord of the high priests, who was pleased to become the sacrifice and the priest, and the One who perfects the types and seals the mysteries, in this evening fulfilled the writing (surtho) of Moses and offered Himself to His Father as an acceptable offering. The inscrutable wonder divided with His hands —while He is alive - and mixed His blood for the apostles."

• Evening Prayer - Sedro

Christ our God, the Great Sun of justice and the True and Eternal Light from the Father, who illuminates every man who comes to this world, who fills everything with the light of His divine knowledge, who in the end of age (lit: evening of the age) came down in the flesh, in order to illuminate the creation darkened by error. In this evening of the Law - in the evening of the Passover - You have fulfilled all those things of the Law in Your person. You did manifest the light of 'the Gospel of Light'. The icon and image, represented figuratively with the evening of Moses in Egypt, were given correct interpretation in Your evening full of light. For in this evening, You who are the Passover, who makes all to rejoice with the delightful splendor of Your Divinity, did eat with earnest desire the Passover of the Law with Your disciple. In this evening, You perfected the Lamb of the mysteries - You who are the lamb of God who takes away the sin of the entire world, ate this with bitterness, with Your companions, and approached the bitter cup of death. In this evening which is the boundary of both the testaments, the Old was brought to pass and the New was begun. In this evening, You had shown the excellent way of exaltation by great humility, washing the feet of your holy disciples with love, and wiping them with the towel girded around Your waist, with love for humanity. You have handed over to them this beautiful example, and taught them with the gentle graciousness.

In this evening, with Your holy hands You divided Your life-giving body and gave Your companions to eat, and You mixed Your lordly (moronoyo) blood and gave them to drink and in it the New Covenant was confirmed for You bride, the Holy Church. In this evening, with the bread which was dipped, the deceit of Judas was made public and his impudence was revealed to the innocent disciples. In this evening, You saved the dumb animals from the knife of the sacrifices, and removed (it) by Your own Living Sacrifice. In this evening You put the shadows and figures to silence, and clearly revealed and placed (them) before us. In this evening, Levi abandoned his ministry and Aaron took leave from his peace-offerings. In this evening, the priesthood was handed over to the noble company of Simon, and they began to take charge over the divine treasury and to divide Your living body among the peoples of the earth and to give to drink Your pure blood to families and races. Behold today,in this evening, it has been given in all borders and regions for the forgiveness of debts and sins, according to the Lord’s commandment.

Therefore, we beseech You, Christ our Lord, in this evening full of wonder in which the figurative law was brought to an end, and was removed to have place for the spread of the New and the Holy Gospel of Truth, hold us worthy to participate in the awesome divine table with purity and holiness, having been delivered from bitterness and anger and jealousy, and our thoughts being cleared from tumults of malice and deceit of (Judas) Iscariot, and our conscience cleansed by the purifying washing of the admirable repentance of the debts and sins, and our souls being divinely bound by mutual affection and love, and our minds being illuminated by the splendor and rays of Your Divine teaching. May Your life-giving mysteries be not for our condemnation, but for the remission of the debts, pardon of sins, and the cleansing of (our) souls and bodies from every filthy and shameful thing and from every defect, defilement as well as for the elevation of minds towards sublime wisdom, and their (* bodies and souls) enlightenment by the divine rays and splendor. May we become constant dwellers in You and You in us. May we completely become perfect people of Your Unique Father, and we will offer up glory and praise to You and to Your Holy Father and to Your Life-giving Spirit.

• Sutoro - Promion

The Judge of judges was judged, and by His silence, He justified our guilt. The Savior gave His body for blows and His cheeks for slaps and repaid our debts with stripes, and caused suffering to our sufferings by His passion, and bore our curse by His crown, and banished our killing by His slaughter, and killed our death by His death. To Him befits glory and praise ..

• Sutoro - Sedro

Glory to You, God the Word, the Only Begotten from the Father, who by Your own good will, and by the operation of Your Holy Spirit — who is consubstantial to You - united with flesh consubstantial (bar kyono) to us, in an indivisible union. You became like us in everything, except sin, and divinely and humanly dealt

with us. By sufferings and death and the completion of the entire redeeming economy, You did completely repay the debts of our human race, and did show us the entrance to the new life, by abolishing death, Satan and sin. By act, truly You came for redeeming passion, in order to write down newly the Covenant for us by Your blood. For our salvation, You endured humiliation, passion, insult, shame and mocking from the cruelty of the Jews, the enemies of truth and the associates (baithoye) of the adversary. Because of Your abundant mercies, and rich compassion for the guilty Adam, today You came down to suffer voluntarily, in order to liberate him from the punishment for the transgression of the Law. You had announced beforehand and fulfilled in Your person the exact image full of salvation= which was formerly represented by Your servant Moses in Egypt. In the evening of Your salvation, You had fulfilled it before the apostolic band in that Upper-room full of signs and life-giving mysterjes (roze) of Your Holy Church. You had concluded the Old in the Lamb, and begun the New in the bread. You had given us Your body and blood in that Thursday of the Mysteries and have become for us food and drink (lit: eatable and drinkable) for remission of debts. You had inclined Your head for the kiss of deceit, and You were captured by the accursed Jewish people. By Your voluntary humility, You came for the humiliation of the Cross, and entered the tribunal of the sixth day, in order to delivery us from the hard punishment and judgement upon us. You were struck on Your cheek by the insolent servant in order to liberate us from the servitude of sin. You were judged like an offender and You justified our race which was guilty. You were (ordered to be) scourged with thongs by the Judge Pilate and You paid our debt of the head of our family, who was guilty. By the spittle which You had received on Your face for the impure people on this Friday, You removed from us the great shame that was ruling over us due to the transgression of the commandment. You had put on the scarlet robe, with humiliation and mocking of the Jews in order to clothe us with the Holy Spirit, from whom we were stripped off in the woods by the jealousy of the serpent. By the thorn of Your crown, You did up rooted sin that had sown death in our members. By the cane of mockery that the priests of the people gave You to hold, You had writen our names in Your Book of Life. You were suspended naked on the top of the wood and by the stripping of Your body (lit: flesh) You had exposed and put him to shame, the head of the evil and the father of falsehood, who was watching over air, and covered the nakedness of Adam. Instead of the hand which plucked the fruit and brought death into the world and made it ruler over all races, You gave Your holy hands for the nails and Your innocent feet for the iron fetters- You drank vinegar and tasted gall, instead of the food from that deadly tree. You were counted with wicked and humiliated among the thieves in order to remove the humiliation of Adam. You had perfected and completed in Your person all that were represented and indicated beforehand by the prophets of Your Father. You said: ‘Behold, every thing has been fulfilled’ and inclined Your head and handed over Your spirit.

We beseech You, O Lord, Lover of man, who have accomplished all this dispensation with love for humanity, for our salvation. Remembering Your abasement beyond words, and Your voluntary and innocent sufferings, renew Your abundant mercies for us on this sorrowful day of Your redemptive passion. By Your victorious cross, here and there and every where, protect Your Holy , Catholic and Apostolic Church, which worships Your sufferings with innocent faith and confesses Your human actions, and acknowledges You as the True God over all. We supplicate You with this fragrant incense which is offered by us — the wretched and feeble — at this moment in which we celebrate the memory of Your sufferings, with which our iniquities have been blotted out, grant us remission of debts and forgiveness of sins — with which we were defiled voluntarily or involuntarily, knowingly or unknowingly. Keep us before You with innocent and pure life all the days of our life until the end of the world, and we also, may we entrust our souls into the hands of Your Holy Father with confidence. May we offer glory and praise to You and to Your Father and to Your Holy Spirit in that day of Your glorious second coming with the great and the redeeming sign of Your life-giving Cross.

Quotes

Patristic Quotes

• [St Cyril of Jerusalem] "Let us not then be ashamed to confess the Crucified. Be the Cross our seal made with boldness by our fingers on our brow, and on everything; over the bread we eat, and the cups we drink; in our comings in, and goings out; before our sleep, when we lie down and when we rise up; when we are in the way, and when we are still."

Other Quotes

• [Church] Text

Syriac and Greek Words

• Word (Syriac) - text

Icons

These icons are either approved for publication or the Curriculum Committee is in the process of gaining approval. If you do not see the icon you'd like to use for your writing, please submit the image to the Committee so that we can do the necessary follow-up.

200px|x300px